In healthy adults, bone physiology is a dynamic, coordinated process controlled by 2 types of cells: osteoclasts and osteoblasts (see below). Through a balanced remodeling process, osteoclasts resorb bone, and osteoblasts build bone at the same site.1,2
This image shows osteoclasts and osteoblasts in normal bone (toluidine blue, x100). The large osteoclast is actively resorbing bone. Osteoblasts are small, cuboid cells that actively lay down bone matrix.1
This bone remodeling sequence consists of 4 distinct phases: activation, resorption, reversal, and formation.3

Copyright David W. Dempster, PhD, 2000.